Understanding Abnormal Sperm Morphology: What It Means for Male Fertility
Sperm morphology refers to the size and shape of sperm. Normal sperm have an oval head and a long, straight tail that propels them towards the egg. Abnormal sperm, however, have defects in their size and shape that can affect their ability to fertilise an egg. The percentage of abnormal sperm morphology can vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe.
Different Types of Abnormality
There are different types of abnormal sperm. Some sperm may have a misshapen head, a bent tail, or no tail at all. Others may have multiple heads or tails, or their heads may be too large or too small. These defects can affect the sperm's ability to swim toward the egg and fertilise it.
What Percentage of Abnormality is Considered Normal?
It is normal for some level of abnormality in sperm to occur. However, the higher the percentage of abnormal sperm, the more challenging it becomes to achieve pregnancy. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), less than 4% normal sperm in a sample is considered an abnormal result.
How Abnormal Sperm Can Affect Male Fertility
Abnormal sperm can affect male fertility by reducing the chances of fertilisation. When sperm has abnormal morphology, it may not be able to swim towards the egg or penetrate its outer layer. Even if fertilisation occurs, it may result in a miscarriage or a non-viable pregnancy.
Causes of Abnormal Sperm Morphology
Several factors can cause abnormal sperm morphology. Some of the common factors include genetics, infections, hormonal imbalances, exposure to toxins, and lifestyle choices. For example, smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use can affect sperm morphology and reduce fertility. Additionally, environmental factors such as exposure to radiation, heat, and chemicals can also damage sperm and affect its morphology.
Male Fertility Test: Importance of Sperm Analysis
A semen analysis is a crucial test that determines the quality and quantity of sperm in a man's semen. During the test, a sample of semen is collected and examined under a microscope to check for sperm count, motility, and morphology. Understanding your fertility can help to guide treatment options or lifestyle changes.
Treatment Options for Abnormal Sperm Morphology
The treatment options depend on the cause and severity of the abnormality. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and exercising regularly can be effective. Additionally, taking male fertility supplements that contain folic acid, vitamin C, and zinc may also improve sperm quality. In severe cases, medication, surgery, and assisted reproductive techniques such as In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) may be recommended.
Lifestyle Changes
These changes include:
Quitting smoking: Smoking can damage sperm and reduce fertility.
Reducing alcohol intake: Alcohol consumption can also affect sperm morphology and reduce fertility. Reducing or eliminating alcohol intake can improve sperm quality.
Exercising regularly: Regular exercise can help improve overall health and increase testosterone levels.
Eating a healthy diet: A healthy diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can improve sperm quality.
Reducing stress: Stress can cause hormonal imbalances that affect sperm production and morphology. Reducing stress through meditation, yoga, or other relaxation techniques can improve sperm quality.
Avoiding exposure to toxins: Men should avoid exposure to chemicals, heat, and radiation that can damage sperm and affect its morphology.
Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can affect hormone levels and reduce sperm quality. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can improve fertility.
Making healthy lifestyle choices such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and exercising regularly can improve sperm morphology and increase the chances of conception. By taking proactive steps to improve sperm quality, men can increase their chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.
If you have been trying to conceive for over a year, it's recommended that you undergo a semen analysis to determine whether sperm morphology or another issue is affecting your fertility. Contact us or Book an appointment with the Male Fertility Clinic in London or Surrey today. We provide discrete sperm tests at our private clinics, with results available within 2 working days.